Children of Parents with Disabilities: Inclusive Parenting Between Challenges and Strengths
By: UNISA TEAM
When we speak about disability, the focus often falls on the individual with the disability. But what happens when that individual is also a parent? This question opens the door to a lesser known but vitally important topic: the experience of children growing up with one or both parents who live with physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities.
These children grow up in a family environment where diversity is part of daily life. Their lives may include increased responsibilities, but also they may face situations of inaccessibility, discrimination and misunderstanding from the outside world. Yet, they are not “less fortunate”. On the contrary, numerous studies have demonstrated that these children can develop unique emotional and relational skills, including empathy, resilience, and autonomy.
Among the most common challenges is what experts call parentification: children who, from a young age, take on responsibilities and roles that typically belong to adults, such as assisting with household tasks, interpreting information, or caring for siblings. This early assumption of responsibility can foster maturity, but if not balanced with adequate support, it can lead to stress or emotional overload. Also, it’s important for children not to be overburdened and have full access to their own development, education, and leisure.
Another critical element is social stigma. Families with parents with disabilities are sometimes seen through a lens of prejudice: doubts about their parenting abilities, a lack of understanding or adaptations, and few accessible resources for family support. Children may perceive this external judgment and feel the need to “compensate” to protect their family image. Such stigma reflects societal bias and needs to be addressed through inclusive policies and awareness-raising.
But there are also stories of strength, solidarity, and innovation. Inclusive parenting is not only possible—it offers an alternative model of care and community. Supporting these families means investing in inclusive services that empower rather than separate, strengthening family bonds. It means promoting equitable access to education and health by investing in schools and territorial support networks, promoting peer education, and listening to the direct voices of children and parents.
Recent studies have emphasized the importance of trauma-informed approaches and inclusive community practices to better support children in these families (Vaughan & Super, 2019). Moreover, initiatives co-designed with parents with disabilities have proven to enhance both parental self-efficacy and child wellbeing (Powell et al., 2024). These findings confirm that meaningful involvement and structural support can significantly reduce stressors and increase family cohesion.
As Olsen and Clarke (2003) have pointed out, the parenting experience of people with disabilities is rich in meaning and potential, if it is recognized and supported by policies and inclusive practices. Similarly, Powell and Gallagher (1993) remind us that siblings and children in these families often grow up with a profound awareness of diversity, justice and solidarity, carrying with them values that enrich society and make it more inclusive.
References:
- Olsen, R., & Clarke, H. (2003). Parenting and Disability: Disabled Parents’ Experiences of Raising Children. Policy Press.
- Powell, R. M., & Gallagher, P. A. (1993). Brothers and Sisters: A Special Part of Exceptional Families. Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
- Vaughan, K. P., & Super, G. (2019). Theory, practice, and perspectives: Disability studies and parenting children with disabilities. Disability & Society, 34(7-8), 1102-1124.
- Powell, R. M., Parish, S. L., Mitra, M., Waterstone, M., & Fournier, S. (2024). Child welfare system inequities experienced by disabled parents: Towards a conceptual framework. Disability & society, 39(2), 291-318.
